International Sports Groups Start Making Rules on Transgender Athletes

2022-06-30

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1
  • International sports organizations are making or considering rules concerning competition by transgender athletes.
  • 2
  • Last week, the international swimming group, FINA, announced a rule that would bar most transgender women from competing.
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  • The measure requires transgender people to have begun their transition medically before the age of 12.
  • 4
  • A transgender woman is a person who was born with male sex organs but identifies as female.
  • 5
  • Some transgender people take medicine to lower their male or female hormones.
  • 6
  • The hormones greatly affect how the body develops.
  • 7
  • After FINA announced its decision, other organizations followed.
  • 8
  • The organizations that run field hockey, rugby, triathlon and cycling are making new rules or updating old ones.
  • 9
  • FIFA, the international soccer organization, also said it is reexamining its rules on gender.
  • 10
  • The International Olympic Committee, IOC, said late last week that it would not make a decision on the issue.
  • 11
  • An IOC spokesperson said that the organization "can't come forward with one rule, one short rule that fits everybody."
  • 12
  • The group said such action is the responsibility of individual federations and individual sports.
  • 13
  • A past Olympic policy permitted transgender women who had been on hormone therapy for at least 12 months to compete with women.
  • 14
  • The group that runs track and field competitions, known as World Athletics, is run by former Olympic gold medalist Sebastian Coe of Great Britain.
  • 15
  • Coe said World Athletics would examine its policies on transgender and intersex athletes by the end of 2022.
  • 16
  • If World Athletics follows the FINA rules, it could also keep runners Caster Semenya of South Africa and Christine Mboma of Namibia from competing.
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  • Both are top runners who race against women but have sex development differences that result in higher levels of testosterone than most women.
  • 18
  • Ross Tucker is a researcher for World Rugby.
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  • By the end of the year, he said, "(World Athletics) will have announced a policy that is very similar to swimming ... and they will say that if ever a person has gone through male puberty and has obtained the advantages associated with testosterone, they can't compete in women's sports."
  • 20
  • Tucker also noted that it is likely all of the sports groups will face legal challenges to their new rules.
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  • The court costs may prevent other smaller sports groups from making new policies that follow FINA.
  • 22
  • Coe said FINA spent $1 million in legal costs to create the new rule.
  • 23
  • He said World Athletics also has money to deal with court cases, but smaller sports organizations may not.
  • 24
  • The gender of an American swimmer was in the news during the recent college national championships.
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  • Lia Thomas is a transgender swimmer who attended the University of Pennsylvania.
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  • She started hormone therapy while in college, which means she entered male puberty and started to build muscle like a male.
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  • She competed in college swimming against men for three years.
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  • Thomas won multiple events at the Ivy League women's championships in early 2022 and then won the national 500-yard race in March.
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  • Some swimmers were upset they lost to a swimmer who until recently competed as a man.
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  • Thomas said she wants to try to make the next Olympics, in Paris, in 2024.
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  • USA Swimming has a policy that says swimmers competing in women's events must be able to show a low level of testosterone for at least 36 months.
  • 32
  • When the 2021-2022 school year started, Thomas had only been doing hormone therapy for about two years.
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  • The NCAA, the organization that runs college sports in the U.S., did not have the USA Swimming policy in place this year.
  • 34
  • Thomas would not have been able to swim if it had.
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  • When FINA made its announcement, USA Swimming said it will take time to understand the possible effects of the rule on its own policies.
  • 36
  • Tucker, the rugby analyst, said the news surrounding Thomas seems to be the main reason for the new FINA policy.
  • 37
  • Before Thomas made the news and expressed an interest in the Olympics, there were few transgender athletes good enough to win events against top competition.
  • 38
  • He said people do not know how they feel about an issue until they are forced to deal with it directly.
  • 39
  • "Lia Thomas made this real," he said.
  • 40
  • Based on her recent times, Thomas would qualify for the U.S. Olympic Trials, which are set for June 2024.
  • 41
  • Olympic sports leaders met in Colorado last week on the 50th anniversary of the U.S. law known as Title IX.
  • 42
  • That law bans sex discrimination in any education program or activity that receives federal money.
  • 43
  • Susan Lyons, a leader of the U.S. Olympic and Paralympic Committee, USOPC, said it is not the group's job to set a transgender policy.
  • 44
  • But she said the organization should present a clear "point of view."
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  • There are over 40 international sports organizations that will at some point need to make rules.
  • 46
  • Lyons said no one is "begging" the USOPC to make a statement.
  • 47
  • "But on the other hand, we're the leaders of the Olympic movement in the U.S., so we have to have a point of view."
  • 48
  • She said it is not likely everyone will agree with the USOPC's opinion.
  • 49
  • Also last week, President Joe Biden's administration proposed new rules that would protect lesbian, gay, transgender and queer students from discrimination under Title IX.
  • 50
  • Miguel Cardona, the head of the Department of Education, said "standing up for equal access and inclusion is as important as ever."
  • 51
  • I'm Dan Friedell.